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1.
An Med Interna ; 24(3): 129-31, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17590134

RESUMO

Acute organophosphate poisoning leads to a cholinergic crisis secondary to an acetylcholine rise, developed by an acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In some cases, after the resolution of the initial cholinergic signs and symptoms, an intermediate syndrome occurs, characterized by a delayed development of proximal and diaphragmatic muscle paralysis. We describe a case of a 67-year-old man who developed an intermediate syndrome after oxydemeton-metryl ingestion in a suicide attempt, despite a continuous pralidoxime infusion. Several hypotheses have been developed to explain the aetiology of this intermediate syndrome (neuromuscular junction dysfunction, inadequate poisoning treatment, late beginning of the oxime administration, etc). Intermediate syndrome manifestation will depend on the organophosphate's organism persistence and its chemical structure, and also on the time elapsed between the poisoning and the antidote administration.


Assuntos
Antídotos/administração & dosagem , Inseticidas/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Organofosfatos , Compostos Organotiofosforados/intoxicação , Compostos de Pralidoxima/administração & dosagem , Paralisia Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Paralisia Respiratória/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Tentativa de Suicídio , Falha de Tratamento
2.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 24(3): 129-131, mar. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053964

RESUMO

En las intoxicaciones agudas por insecticidas organofosforados se produce un síndrome colinérgico debido a un aumento de la aceticolina a nivel sináptico, como consecuencia de una inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa. En algunos casos, tras la resolución de la sintomatología colinérgica, se presenta el síndrome intermedio, caracterizado por una parálisis de la musculatura proximal y diafragmática. Describimos el caso de un paciente de 67 años que desarrolla un síndrome intermedio tras la ingestión de una cantidad desconocida de oxidemetón-metilo en un intento de autolisis, a pesar de la infusión continuada de pralidoxima a dosis altas. Diversas hipótesis tratan de explicar la etiología del síndrome intermedio (disfunción de la unión neuromuscular, instauración de un tratamiento inadecuado o de inicio tardío con oximas, entre otras). Asimismo, su manifestación se ve condicionada por la persistencia del insecticida organofosforado en el organismo, su estructura química o el tiempo transcurrido entre la ingestión del tóxico y la administración del antídoto


Acute organophosphate poisoning leads to a cholinergic crisis secondary to an acetylcholine rise, developed by an acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In some cases, after the resolution of the initial cholinergic signs and symptoms, an intermediate syndrome occurs, characterized by a delayed development of proximal and diaphragmatic muscle paralysis. We describe a case of a 67-year-old man who developed an intermediate syndrome after oxydemeton-metryl ingestion in a suicide attempt, despite a continuous pralidoxime infusion. Several hypotheses have been developed to explain the aetiology of this intermediate syndrome (neuromuscular junction dysfunction, inadequate poisoning treatment, late beginning of the oxime administration, etc). Intermediate syndrome manifestation will depend on the organophosphate’s organism persistence and its chemical structure, and also on the time elapsed between the poisoning and the antidote administration


Assuntos
Masculino , Idoso , Humanos , Tentativa de Suicídio , Inseticidas Organofosforados/intoxicação , Compostos de Pralidoxima/uso terapêutico , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Paralisia Respiratória/etiologia
3.
Rev. toxicol ; 24(1): 36-41, 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75356

RESUMO

El objetivo fue evaluar los cambios epidemiológicos enlas intoxicaciones agudas (IA) entre 1994 y 2004. Para ello seestudiaron todos los casos atendidos en Urgencias con el diagnósticode intoxicación aguda, mediante un estudio transversal descriptivoanalítico desarrollado en dos períodos de un mes separados por 10 años, y comparando los resultados. Se registraron los datosdemográficos, clínicos y toxicológicos.La prevalencia de IA en Urgencias entre los períodos estudiadosaumentó significativamente (0,83 vs 1,25%) mientras que lahospitalización por esta causa pasó del 30,5% al 6,34%. La edadmedia se mantuvo entre los 32-33 años, así como la relaciónhombre/mujer, que osciló alrededor de 1. No se registraronfallecimientos.Los medicamentos fueron el tóxico más frecuente (51,3% y 62,7%respectivamente) con un aumento debido principalmente a lasbenzodiazepinas (BDZ). Asimismo, el alcohol incrementó supresencia en intoxicaciones múltiples, disminuyendo como agenteúnico. Las admisiones por drogas de abuso experimentaron unretroceso, del 26 al 19%. Los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento dealgún tipo disminuyeron aunque no de forma significativa, del 52,8 al44,4% y, a pesar del aumento de las BDZ, la utilización deflumazenilo varió de un 7% a un 8,5% de los casos. La utilización denaloxona disminuyó a la mitad.Los intentos de suicidio aumentaron el 25%, lo que supuso el 65% deltotal de la IA en el segundo período estudiado. La hospitalización, porel contrario, pasó de un 45% a un 6% en estos pacientes. Losfármacos, y entre ellos los psicotropos, fueron el tóxico másfrecuente, implicados en el 62% y 78% de los intentos de suicidio. Laasociación fármaco y alcohol aumentó de manera significativa (10% vs 22%). El registro de pacientes con antecedentes psiquiátricos seincrementó del 29% al 75%. En el intervalo de 21 a 30 años, elporcentaje de mujeres implicadas es el doble que el de hombres enambos períodos.La prevalencia de la IA experimentó un incremento significativo,paralelamente a los intentos de autolisis; sin embargo los ingresos enunidades de hospitalización, disminuyeron considerablemente tanto en el global de la IA como en los intentos de suicidio. Losmedicamentos, y entre ellos las BDZ fueron el tóxico más frecuente(AU)


The aim was to evaluate the epidemiological changes in the acutepoisonings (AP) between 1994 and 2004. For this purpose, all thecases attended at the Emergency Service with the diagnosis of acutepoisoning were studied, by means of a transverse descriptiveanalytical study developed in two periods of one month separated for 10 years, and comparing the results. The demographic, clinical andtoxicological data were recorded.The acute poisoning's prevalence in the Emergency Service increasedsignificantly (0,83 vs. 1,25%) whereas the hospitalization for thisreason decreased from 30,5% to 6,34%. The average age of our serieswere unchanged, (between 32-33 years) as well as the relation man /woman,that it ranged about 1. No deaths were recorded.Drugs were the most frequent poisoning agent (51,3% and 62,7%respectively) with an increase due principally to the benzodiazepines.Likewise, the alcohol increased its presence in multiple poisonings, diminishing as the only agent. The admissions for drugs of abuseexperienced a setback, from 26 to 19%. The patients who receivedany type of treatment diminished but not in a significant form, from 52,8 to 44,4% and, in spite of the benzodiazepines increase, theutilization of flumazenil changed from 7% to 8,5% of the cases. Theutilization of naloxone diminished to the half.The attempts of suicide increased 25%, which supposed 65% of thewhole of the IA in the second studied period. The hospitalization, onthe contrary, descended from 45% to 6% in these patients. Drugs, andamong them the psychotropes, were the most frequent poisoningagent, implied in 62% and 78% of the suicide attempts. Theassociation drug and alcohol increased in a significant way (10% vs.22%). The patients' record with psychiatric precedents was increasedfrom 29% to 75%. In the age interval from 21 to 30, the percentage ofwomen is twice than that of men in both periods.The prevalencia of the IA experienced a significant increase, parallelto the attempts of autolisis; nevertheless the admission inhospitalization units, diminished both in the global of the IA and inthe suicide attempts. Drugs, and among them the benzodiacepineswere the toxic agent most frequently involved(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intoxicação/complicações , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Emergências , Medicina de Emergência/métodos , Hospitais Universitários/tendências , Hospitais Universitários , Estudos Transversais , Naloxona/uso terapêutico , Autólise/diagnóstico
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 19(4): 229-35, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15315114

RESUMO

GOAL: Binary and ternary parenteral nutrition preparations may be of limited use in certain cases. The goal of this study is to establish difficult nutritional situations to handle and analyze the type of formula used in these situations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients treated with parenteral nutrition over 9 months. Three clinically complex situations were defined: long duration, lasting more than 25 days; kidney failure, uraemia > 20 mmol/L or serum creatinine > 200 micromol/L; and liver failure, total bilirubin > 30 mmol/L or ALT > 2 microkat/L and alkaline phosphatase > 3 microkat/L or GGT > 3 microkat/L. Mortality and hypoalbuminaemia (< 35 g/L) were studied and compared by means of a chi squared test (p < 0.05) against the rest of the patients. The use of individualized formulas was studied using a multiple logarithmic regression model, the dependent variable being the administration or not of an individualized formula and the independent variables being the 3 groups of patients in clinical situations defined as complex. The Odds Ratio (OR) was studied as the measure of risk. RESULTS: A total of 511 patients receiving 8,015 feeds with parenteral nutrition were studied. Of these, 283 were included in one or more of the 3 complex clinical situations. All three groups presented higher levels of mortality and hypoalbuminaemia with statistically significant differences when compared to the group in a non-complex clinical situation. The use of individualized formulas was greater in the three groups defined, with statistically significant differences resulting: OR=6.7 (CI 95%; 3.78-11.91) with long duration; OR=3.66 (CI 95%; 2.68-5.68) in kidney failure; and OR=1.5 (CI 95%; 1.01-2.35) in liver failure. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in complex clinical situations present greater visceral malnutrition, a worse clinical evolution and, at our hospital, their nutritional treatment by parenteral means is based on a greater use of individualized formulas.


Assuntos
Alimentos Formulados/normas , Desnutrição/terapia , Nutrição Parenteral/normas , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Desnutrição/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 19(4): 229-235, jul. 2004. tab, Berlana Martín, D^1Ciudad Sanitaria y Universitaria de Bellvitge^2Servicio de Farmacia^3Unidad de Nutrición Parenteral^pEspaña^cL´Hospitalet de Llobregat
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-34350

RESUMO

Objetivo: Los preparados binarios y ternarios de nutrición parenteral, en determinados casos pueden ver su utilidad limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer situaciones de difícil manejo nutricional y analizar el tipo de fórmula utilizada en estas situaciones. Material y métodos: Se incluyen pacientes tratados con nutrición parenteral durante 9 meses. Se definen tres situaciones clínicamente complejas: larga duración, con más de 25 días; insuficiencia renal, uremia > 20 mmol/L o creatinina sérica > 200 µmol/L; e insuficiencia hepática, bilirrubina total > 30 mmol/L o ALT > 2 µkat/L y fosfatasa alcalina > 3 µkat/L o GGT > 3 µkat/L. Se estudian la mortalidad e hipoalbuminemia (< 35 g/L) y se comparan mediante un test de Ji cuadrado (p < 0,05) al resto de los pacientes. La utilización de fórmulas individualizadas se estudia con un modelo de regresión logística múltiple, la variable dependiente es la administración o no de fórmulas individualizadas y las variables independientes son los 3 grupos de pacientes en situaciones clínicas definidas como complejas. Coo medida del riesgo se estudian las "Odds Ratio" (OR). Resultados: Se estudian 511 pacientes con 8.015 NP.283 resultaron incluidos en una o más de las 3 situaciones clínicas complejas. Los tres grupos presentaron niveles de mortalidad e hipoalbuminemia superiores con diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre el grupo de situación clínica no compleja. La utilización de fórmulas individualizadas fue superior en los tres grupos definidos resultando las diferencias estadísticamente significativas: OR = 6,7 (IC 95 por ciento; 3,78-11,91) en larga duración, OR = 3,66 (IC 95 por ciento: 2,68-5,68) en insu- ficiencia renal IR y OR = 1,5 (IC 95 por ciento: 1,01-2,35) en insuficiencia hepática. Conclusiones: Los pacientes en situación clínica compleja presentan mayor desnutrición visceral, peor evolución clínica y, en nuestro hospital, su tratamiento nutricional por vía parenteral se basa en una mayor utilización de fórmulas individualizadas (AU)


Goal: Binary and ternary parenteral nutrition preparations may be of limited use in certain cases. The goal of this study is to establish difficult nutritional situations to handle and analyze the type of formula used in these situations. Material and methods: The study included patients treated with parenteral nutrition over 9 months. Three clinically complex situations were defined: long duration, lasting more than 25 days; kidney failure, uraemia > 20 mmol/L or serum creatinine > 200 µmol/L; and live failure, total bilirubin > 30 mmol/L or ALT > µkat/L and alkaline phosphatase > 3 µkat/L or GGT > 3 µkat/L. Mortality and hypoalbuminaemia (< 35 g/L) were studied and compared by means of a chi squared test (p < 0.05) against the rest of the patients. The use of individualized formulas was studied using a multiple logarithmic regression model, the dependent variable being the administration or not of an individualized formula and the independent variables being the 3 groups of patients in clinical situations defined as complex. The Odds Ratio (OR) was studied as the measure of risk. 
Results: A total of 511 patients receiving 8,015 feeds with parenteral nutrition were studied. Of these, 283 were included in one or more of the 3 complex clinical situations. All three groups presented higher levels of mortality and hypoalbuminaemia with statistically significant differences when compared to the group in a non-complex clinical situation. The use of individualized formulas was greater in the three groups defined, with statistically significant differences resulting: OR=6.7 (CI 95%; 3.78-11.91) with long duration; OR=3.66 (CI 95%; 2.68-5.68) in kidney failure; and OR=1.5 (CI 95%;1.01-2.35) in liver failure. 
Conclusions: Patients in complex clinical situations present greater visceral malnutrition, a worse clinical evolution and, at our hospital, their nutritional treatment by parenteral means is based on a greater use of individualized formulas (AU)


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Nutrição Parenteral , Estudos Prospectivos , Desnutrição , Alimentos Formulados , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
6.
Farm. hosp ; 27(6): 346-352, nov. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28827

RESUMO

Introducción: El angioedema hereditario o adquirido está producido por el déficit del inhibidor de la esterasa del primer componente del complemento (C1-INH). Se caracteriza por síntomas transitorios de hinchazón de tejidos subcutáneos, pared intestinal y vías respiratorias superiores, que puede derivar en muerte por asfixia. Se presenta la fisiopatología, clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como un seguimiento de los pacientes diagnosticados, a los que se les entrega 1 vial de concentrado de C1-INH (Berinert®), valorando la aportación del Servicio de Farmacia en el circuito de dispensación y control de dicho fármaco. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda a través de PubMed y otras fuentes relevantes. Mediante las recetas controladas se tomaron los datos del paciente y de las dispensaciones e indicación de Berinert®; se completó el seguimiento mediante la historia clínica, los datos de laboratorio y la entrevista al paciente cuando fue preciso. Resultados: Del total de 9 casos, 8 fueron angioedema hereditario y 1 adquirido. El danazol se utilizó como profilaxis a largo plazo en 8 casos, pero sus efectos secundarios obligaron a discontinuarlo en alguno de ellos. El concentrado de C1-INH fue efectivo en los 6 brotes agudos detectados en el estudio, así como en las 3 profilaxis quirúrgicas (consumo global de 6.500 U).Conclusión: El danazol fue un fármaco eficaz como profilaxis, pero con efectos secundarios importantes. El concentrado de C1-INH ha sido eficaz tanto en la profilaxis como en el tratamiento de los brotes agudos. El Servicio de Farmacia dispondrá de un stock suficiente de producto (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Angioedema , Hospitais , Seguimentos , Proteínas Inativadoras do Complemento 1
7.
Farm Hosp ; 27(6): 346-52, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14974880

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary and acquired angioedema result from a deficiency in first complement component esterase (C1-esterase) inhibitor. It is characterized by transient subcutaneous tissue, intestinal wall, and upper airway swelling, which may lead to asphyxia and death. The pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition are discussed, as is the follow-up of patients diagnosed with angioedema who received 1 vial of concentrated C1-INH (Berinert); the contribution of the Pharmacy Department in the dispensation and control of said drug is also assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed and other relevant sources were searched. Patient, dispensation, and Berinert(R) indication data were collected from controlled prescriptions; follow-up was completed by performing a medical history, collecting laboratory data, and patient interview when needed. RESULTS: Eight out of 9 cases were of hereditary angioedema, and 1 case was of acquired angioedema. Danazol was used as long-term prophylaxis in 8 patients, but side effects forced discontinuation in some of them. The C1-INH concentrate was effective in 6 acute episodes that were detected during the study, as well as in 3 surgical prophylaxis cases (overall use 6,500 U). CONCLUSION: Danazol was effective as prophylactic treatment, but had severe side effects. The C1-INH concentrate was effective both as prophylactic therapy and treatment for acute episodes. An adequate stock of this product will be available at the Pharmacy Department.


Assuntos
Angioedema/tratamento farmacológico , Angioedema/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Inativadoras do Complemento 1/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Angioedema/classificação , Angioedema/diagnóstico , Angioedema/genética , Angioedema/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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